
1. Look through your web pages. How many of them have no titles or titles that are too generic? Modify them to include important keyword phrases.
2. Do the same with your web page headings. Use a good page structure that includes <h1>, <h2>, <h3> tags. Don't over use the h1 tag. Use a software like Website Explorer (part of IM Toolpad) to study the existing headers in your web pages. You can use it to check web page titles also. Make sure that the headings are natural and relevant. Simply don't stuff keywords into headings.
3. Use keyword phrases in your web page content. Keywords when used properly as part of web page text can really increase your traffic from long-tail keyword searches. However, don't over-stuff keywords and make your web pages spammy.
4. Use keywords in link texts (anchor text). Replace the links that say click here to more relevant ones that have the keyword in it, if possible. Use good anchor texts even if you are linking to pages on your own sites (internal links)
5. Use keywords for image tags (img alt tags). Many images may not even have an alt text. Look through your web pages and add them wherever possible. The Website Explorer will help here too.
6. Do a Google / Yahoo / Live search for the keywords and then study the top competitors. Improve your products, services and web pages based on your research. The blog post linked above has some tips.
7. Write an article that contains some of the important keyword phrases and post it to your blog. Don't have a blog? Start one. If you don't want to mess with technical things you can easily start a blog by signing up at Blogger or Typepad.
8. Use keyword phrases in your Pay Per Click (PPC) advertisements. Create new Adword groups if required. Make sure that your landing pages have good quality score before you create new ad-groups.
9. Study your log files and pick all the long-tail keyword phrases used by your visitors. The advantage of studying long-tail keywords is that the intention behind the search is more easy to understand. Do you think your product or service can help such visitors? Optimize your web pages so that you offer what they are looking for.
10. Try and convince others to link to your web pages using relevant anchor texts. While this may not be always possible, you can always ask your affiliates and friends to use a specific keyword phrase while linking to you. Make sure that the anchor text you suggest is relevant.